1) As we have seen with the current pandemic, important issues often develop that  

cross international borders. How, for example, can countries deal with climate  

change? What tools—such as international institutions—are available to nations

to address regional or global issues? What makes resolving cross-border issues

especially challenging? What role does power play in resolving collective action?

2) The “bottom-up” portion of international relations seldom receives the same  

level of attention from pundits and scholars as the “top-down” perspective.  

Make the case that ordinary people matter for the conduct of world affairs. Refer  

to specific processes discussed in the textbook and elsewhere — transnational  

advocacy networks, increased trade and social interaction, transportation,  

telecommunications, etc. — in making your case. Be convincing!

3) The ongoing war in Ukraine poses multiple questions and challenges in world  

affairs.  Some of the most critical involve international institutions.  Some have  

argued that the Russian invasion proves the impotence of liberal international

institutions.  Others counter that these very same institutions are an important  

locus of resistance to Russian aggression. Do international institutions matter  

and if so how? Take a position an defend it using insights from the textbook.